Irrational numbers have underpinned quantum mechanics for a century. Removing them could eliminate its strangest features and ...

A team of German physicists has built a fully working version of quantum mechanics that uses only real numbers. Complex ...

Randomness is incredibly useful. People often draw straws, throw dice or flip coins to make fair choices. Random numbers can enable auditors to make completely unbiased selections. Randomness is also ...

Physicists from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) have examined a fundamental property of quantum mechanics in collaboration with the German Aerospace Center (DLR). In an article published in ...

In the 20th century, with the advent of quantum physics, it turned out complex numbers also naturally describe the fine details of light and matter. In the 1990s, physics and computer science collided ...

For the first time, physicists have built a working version of quantum mechanics without complex numbers — numbers that have been considered essential to the theory for nearly a century. Complex ...